Bee Variety Range
Regarding 2009 to help you 2018, 192 bee diversity (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) ended up being trapped within the Calanques Federal Park through each other on the internet and you will pan pitfall series. They belonged so you can six family members and you will 38 genera. Megachilidae flirthookup are probably the really groups-steeped loved ones, followed closely by Apidae and you will Halictidae, having 53, forty two, and you may 43 kinds, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 is largely the newest wealthiest genus, having 33 range, if you find yourself seven genera was basically represented in the only 1 variety (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Dining table 1 [on the web just] ). By using the jackknife step 1 and you may 2 bots, the fresh new bee varieties richness is actually estimated to-be anywhere between ± nine.89 and you may ± . The newest seen richness hence represented 71.step three so you can 79.6% of one’s projected bee richness ( Desk 2). The Chao1 method estimated the fresh viewed richness to obtain 76.8% of the potential limitation fullness ( Table dos). More abundant species is simply Apis mellifera L. (276 individuals), having Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and 168 some body, respectively), and Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 some body). In the course of time, 50 classes (26%) was represented of the one private (singletons).
Ecosystem Services off Bees
Regarding your ecological properties out-of nesting means, we understood 59 single bee varieties nesting significantly more than floors, ninety five single bee diversity nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic range, just like 29.7, 47.nine, and multiple.0% of your own complete bee range fullness, correspondingly. I idea of five private kinds (bumble bees and you will honey bees-2.1%). Eventually, the newest nesting choice out-of 14 diversity are unknown (eight.3%- Supp Table step one [on the internet just] ). About your floral eating plan from bee groups, we learned that 105 designs (54.7%) foraged into of numerous bush species (we.age., generalist range, polylectic) and you will 51 types (twenty six.5%) foraged on one plant relatives otherwise one/partners plant types (i.years., elite group varieties, oligolectic). With the kept thirty six bee assortment (18.8%), this new floral diet wasn’t recognized (age.grams., that have cleptoparasitic varieties). not, really generalist variety demonstrated a choice for one or several out of bush parents ( Supp Dining table step one [on the web just] ). Towards forty-two singletons, 14 bee classes (28%) was professionals, and you may nine bee species (18%) was in fact cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table step 1 [online just] ).
A keen IUCN condition are plentiful for 178 diversity (leaving out the newest classes property and you can unknown types). The quintessential, 47 products is actually classified because the data not having (DD-twenty six.4%), 124 kinds was the very least concerned (LC-69.6%), half a dozen variety got near endangered (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), plus one species is thought threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step 1 [on the web merely] ). Around three oligolectic kinds was in fact among seven threatened bee items. A. ovatula and you can C. albomaculatus is actually specialist with the Fabaceae, D. argentata is actually a professional towards the Caprifoliaceae.
Of 2009 to 2018, 38 particular hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) was basically stuck to the Calanques Federal Park. They belonged to twenty four genera ( Supp Table dos [on the internet just] ). Probably the most numerous genera was in fact Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 anybody), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 people), and you can Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de— Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville for the Latreille, 1828 (thirteen anyone), whereas 20 types (53%) have been illustrated in the only 1 private ( Supp Table 2 [on line merely] ). The fresh new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was depicted of one’s 20 varieties, and additionally four singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step 3 [on the internet only] ). Brand new quotation out-of complete range fullness out-away from hover flies and you can bee flies is ranging from 83 and 97 kinds using the jackknife step 1 and you can dos spiders, correspondingly. Therefore, brand new viewed fullness represented 59.8–69.9% of the estimated hover fly and you can bee fly fullness ( Dining table 2).